Open AccessSodium citrate ingestion protocol impacts induced alkalosis, gastrointestinal symptoms, and palatability
Author(s) -
Urwin Charles S.,
Snow Rodney J.,
Orellana Liliana,
Condo Dominique,
Wadley Glenn D.,
Carr Amelia J.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
physiological reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.918
H-Index - 39
ISSN - 2051-817X
DOI - 10.14814/phy2.14216
Subject(s) - ingestion , palatability , metabolic alkalosis , sodium bicarbonate , medicine , alkalosis , sodium citrate , sodium , gastroenterology , zoology , chemistry , acidosis , biology , pathology , organic chemistry
Abstract To compare the effect of 500 mg·kg −1 body mass (BM) sodium citrate ingested in solution or capsules on induced alkalosis, gastrointestinal symptoms and palatability. Twenty‐four healthy and active participants completed two testing sessions, ingesting 500 mg·kg −1 BM sodium citrate within solution or capsules. Capillary blood samples were collected pre‐ingestion, and every 30‐min for 240‐min post‐ingestion; samples were analyzed for blood pH and [HCO 3 − ]. A validated questionnaire was used to quantify gastrointestinal symptoms at the same 30‐min intervals. Palatability was quantified immediately after ingestion using a validated scale. There was a greater peak and change from baseline for capsules versus solution for blood pH ( P < 0.001) and [HCO 3 − ] ( P = 0.013). Blood pH and [HCO 3 − ] time to peak was 199 and 204 min, respectively, after capsule ingestion, both significantly later than after solution ( P = 0.034, P = 0.001). Gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly elevated above baseline for both ingestion modes at each time point between 30 and 120 min after ingestion ( P = 0.003), with no differences between modes at any time point ( P = 0.644). Capsules were significantly more palatable than solution ( P < 0.001). We recommend 500 mg·kg −1 BM sodium citrate ingestion in capsules, at least 200 min before exercise, to achieve greater alkalosis, minimize gastrointestinal symptoms, and maximize.