Open AccessExtracellular vesicles from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair organ damage caused by cadmium poisoning in a medaka model
Author(s) -
Matsukura Tomomi,
Inaba Chisako,
Weygant Esther A.,
Kitamura Daiki,
Janknecht Ralf,
Matsumoto Hiroyuki,
Hyink Deborah P.,
Kashiwada Shosaku,
Obara Tomoko
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
physiological reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.918
H-Index - 39
ISSN - 2051-817X
DOI - 10.14814/phy2.14172
Subject(s) - mesenchymal stem cell , bone marrow , microbiology and biotechnology , pathology , stem cell , medicine , cadmium poisoning , cancer research , cadmium , chemistry , biology , organic chemistry
Treatment modalities for kidney disease caused by long‐term exposure to heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), are limited. Often, chronic, long‐term environmental exposure to heavy metal is not recognized in the early stages; therefore, chelation therapy is not an effective option. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem cells have been demonstrated to reduce disease pathology in both acute and chronic kidney disease models. To test the ability of EVs derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM‐MSCs) to treat Cd damage, we generated a Cd‐exposed medaka model. This model develops heavy metal‐induced cell damage in various organs and tissues, and shows decreased overall survival. Intravenous injection of highly purified EVs from hBM‐MSCs repaired the damage to apical and basolateral membranes and mitochondria of kidney proximal tubules, glomerular podocytes, bone deformation, and improved survival. Our system also serves as a model with which to study age‐ and sex‐dependent cell injuries of organs caused by various agents and diseases. The beneficial effects of EVs on the tissue repair process, as shown in our novel Cd‐exposed medaka model, may open new broad avenues for interventional strategies.