Open AccessLow cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with higher extracellular vesicle counts in obese adults
Author(s) -
Eichner Natalie Z. M.,
Gilbertson Nicole M.,
Gaitan Julian M.,
Heiston Emily M.,
Musante Luca,
LaSalvia Sabrina,
Weltman Arthur,
Erdbrügger Uta,
Malin Steven K.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
physiological reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.918
H-Index - 39
ISSN - 2051-817X
DOI - 10.14814/phy2.13701
Subject(s) - cd31 , cardiorespiratory fitness , medicine , endocrinology , platelet , endothelial dysfunction , extracellular vesicle , blood pressure , angiogenesis , chemistry , microvesicles , biochemistry , microrna , gene
Low cardiorespiratory fitness ( CRF ) is associated with cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) independent of obesity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel target of CVD , however, it remains unknown if obese individuals with very poor fitness ( VPF ) have elevated EVs versus people with poor fitness ( PF ). Thus, we tested whether VPF was associated with greater EV subtypes in obese adults. Subjects with VPF ( n = 13, VO 2 peak: 15.4 ± 0.6 mL/kg/min, BMI : 34.1 ± 1.7 kg/m 2 ) and PF ( n = 13, VO 2 peak: 25.9 ± 3.0 mL/kg/min, BMI : 32.1 ± 1.2 kg/m 2 ) were compared in this cross‐sectional study. After an overnight fast, AnnexinV ( AV ) +/− platelet ( CD 31 + / CD 41 + ), leukocyte ( CD 45 + / CD 41 − ), and endothelial EVs ( CD 105 + , CD 31 + / CD 41 − ) were analyzed from fresh platelet poor plasma via imaging flow cytometry. Body fat, blood pressure ( BP ), and glucose tolerance ( OGTT ) were also tested. Body weight, BP , and circulating glucose were similar between groups, although VPF subjects were older than PF (64.0 ± 2.1 vs. 49.8 ± 4.2 year; P < 0.05). People with VPF , compared with PF , had higher total AV − EVs ( P = 0.04), AV − platelet EVs ( CD 31 + / CD 41 + ; P = 0.006), and AV − endothelial EVs ( CD 31 + / CD 41 − ; P = 0.005) independent of age and body fat. Higher AV − platelet and endothelial EVs were associated with lower VO 2 peak ( r = −0.56, P = 0.006 and r = −0.55, P = 0.005, respectively). Endothelial‐derived AV − /CD31 + /CD41 − EVs were also related to pulse pressure ( r = 0.45, P = 0.03), whereas AV − /CD105 was linked to postprandial glucose ( r = 0.41, P = 0.04). VPF is associated with higher AnnexinV − total, endothelial, and platelet EVs in obese adults, suggesting that subtle differences in fitness may reduce type 2 diabetes and CVD risk through an EV‐related mechanism.