Open AccessMale apoE*3‐Leiden.CETP mice on high‐fat high‐cholesterol diet exhibit a biphasic dyslipidemic response, mimicking the changes in plasma lipids observed through life in men
Author(s) -
Paalvast Yared,
Gerding Albert,
Wang Yanan,
Bloks Vincent W.,
van Dijk Theo H.,
Havinga Rick,
Willems van Dijk Ko,
Rensen Patrick C. N.,
Bakker Barbara M.,
Kuivenhoven Jan Albert,
Groen Albert K.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
physiological reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.918
H-Index - 39
ISSN - 2051-817X
DOI - 10.14814/phy2.13376
Subject(s) - endocrinology , medicine , metabolic syndrome , dyslipidemia , cholesterol , insulin resistance , triglyceride , lipogenesis , apolipoprotein e , biology , very low density lipoprotein , insulin , lipid metabolism , obesity , lipoprotein , disease
Abstract Physiological adaptations resulting in the development of the metabolic syndrome in man occur over a time span of several decades. This combined with the prohibitive financial cost and ethical concerns to measure key metabolic parameters repeatedly in subjects for the major part of their life span makes that comprehensive longitudinal human data sets are virtually nonexistent. While experimental mice are often used, little is known whether this species is in fact an adequate model to better understand the mechanisms that drive the metabolic syndrome in man. We took up the challenge to study the response of male apoE*3‐Leiden. CETP mice (with a humanized lipid profile) to a high‐fat high‐cholesterol diet for 6 months. Study parameters include body weight, food intake, plasma and liver lipids, hepatic transcriptome, VLDL – triglyceride production and importantly the use of stable isotopes to measure hepatic de novo lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and biliary/fecal sterol secretion to assess metabolic fluxes. The key observations include (1) high inter‐individual variation; (2) a largely unaffected hepatic transcriptome at 2, 3, and 6 months; (3) a biphasic response curve of the main metabolic features over time; and (4) maximum insulin resistance preceding dyslipidemia. The biphasic response in plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol appears to mimic that of men in cross‐sectional studies. Combined, these observations suggest that studies such as these can help to delineate the causes of metabolic derangements in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome.