The optimal exercise intensity for the unbiased comparison of thermoregulatory responses between groups unmatched for body size during uncompensable heat stress

We sought to identify the appropriate exercise intensity for unbiased comparisons of changes in rectal temperature (ΔT re ) and local sweat rates ( LSR ) between groups unmatched for body size during uncompensable heat stress. Sixteen males vastly different in body morphology were separated into two equal groups [small ( SM ): 65.8 ± 6.2 kg, 1.8 ± 0.1 m 2 ; large ( LG ): 100.0 ± 13.1 kg, 2.3 ± 0.1 m 2 ], but matched for sudomotor thermosensitivity ( SM : 1.3 ± 0.6; LG : 1.1 ± 0.4 mg·cm −2 ·min −1 ·°C −1 ). The maximum potential for evaporation (E max ) for each participant was assessed using an incremental humidity protocol. On separate occasions, participants then completed 60 min of cycling in a 35°C and 70% RH environment at (1) 50% of VO 2max , (2) a heat production (H prod ) of 520 W, (3) H prod relative to mass (6 W·kg −1 ), and (4) H prod relative to mass above E max (3 W·kg −1 >E max ). E max was similar between LG (347 ± 39 W, 154 ± 15 W·m −2 ) and SM (313 ± 63 W, 176 ± 34 W·m −2 , P  >   0.12). ΔT re was greater in SM compared to LG at 520 W ( SM : 1.5 ± 0.5; LG 0.8 ± 0.3°C, P  <   0.001) and at 50% of VO 2max ( SM : 1.4 ± 0.5; LG 0.9 ± 0.3°C, P  <   0.001). However, ΔT re was similar between groups when H prod was either 6 W·kg −1 ( SM : 0.9 ± 0.3; LG 0.9 ± 0.2°C, P  =   0.98) and 3 W·kg −1 >E max ( SM : 1.4 ± 0.5; LG 1.3 ± 0.4°C, P  =   0.99). LSR was similar between LG and SM irrespective of condition, suggesting maximum LSR was attained ( SM : 1.10 ± 0.23; LG : 1.07 ± 0.35 mg·cm −2 ·min −1 , P  =   0.50). In conclusion, systematic differences in ΔT re and LSR between groups unmatched for body size during uncompensable heat stress can be avoided by a fixed H prod in W·kg −1 or W·kg −1 >E max .