Open AccessRNS 60, a charge‐stabilized nanostructure saline alters Xenopus Laevis oocyte biophysical membrane properties by enhancing mitochondrial ATP production
Author(s) -
Choi Soonwook,
Yu Eunah,
Kim DukSoo,
Sugimori Mutsuyuki,
Llinás Rodolfo R.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
physiological reports
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.918
H-Index - 39
ISSN - 2051-817X
DOI - 10.14814/phy2.12261
Subject(s) - biophysics , oligomycin , membrane potential , atp synthase , intracellular , mitochondrion , hyperpolarization (physics) , intracellular ph , inner mitochondrial membrane , xenopus , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , biology , atpase , stereochemistry , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , gene , enzyme
We have examined the effects of RNS 60, a 0.9% saline containing charge‐stabilized oxygen nanobubble‐based structures. RNS 60 is generated by subjecting normal saline to Taylor–Couette–Poiseuille ( TCP ) flow under elevated oxygen pressure. This study, implemented in Xenopus laevis oocytes, addresses both the electrophysiological membrane properties and parallel biological processes in the cytoplasm. Intracellular recordings from defolliculated X. laevis oocytes were implemented in: (1) air oxygenated standard Ringer's solution, (2) RNS 60‐based Ringer's solution, (3) RNS 10.3 ( TCP ‐modified saline without excess oxygen)‐based Ringer's, and (4) ONS 60 (saline containing high pressure oxygen without TCP modification)‐based Ringer's. RNS 60‐based Ringer's solution induced membrane hyperpolarization from the resting membrane potential. This effect was prevented by: (1) ouabain (a blocker of the sodium/potassium ATP ase), (2) rotenone (a mitochondrial electron transfer chain inhibitor preventing usable ATP synthesis), and (3) oligomycin A (an inhibitor of ATP synthase) indicating that RNS 60 effects intracellular ATP levels. Increased intracellular ATP levels following RNS 60 treatment were directly demonstrated using luciferin/luciferase photon emission. These results indicate that RNS 60 alters intrinsic the electrophysiological properties of the X. laevis oocyte membrane by increasing mitochondrial‐based ATP synthesis. Ultrastructural analysis of the oocyte cytoplasm demonstrated increased mitochondrial length in the presence of RNS 60‐based Ringer's solution. It is concluded that the biological properties of RNS 60 relate to its ability to optimize ATP synthesis.