Open AccessPrevention of hepatocellular carcinoma and surveillance of high risk patients
Author(s) -
Ali Canbay
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
hepatology forum/hepatology forum (online)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1307-5888
pISSN - 2757-7392
DOI - 10.14744/hf.2021.2021.0033
Subject(s) - medicine , hepatocellular carcinoma , cirrhosis , etiology , viral hepatitis , cancer , hepatitis b , hepatitis b virus , liver cancer , fatty liver , disease , intensive care medicine , virus , immunology
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for some 80% of primary liver tumors. According to recent data, HCC is the sixth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Risk factors for HCC include the presence of the hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and exposure to noxious agents, such as alcohol, or toxins, such as aflatoxin, which are considered preventable etiologies of HCC. Monitoring strategies are needed for patients at risk of developing HCC. There is a consensus on routine monitoring of cirrhotic patients due to definitive evidence of a significantly high rate of progression to HCC; however, the appropriate surveillance of patients with advanced fibrosis remains a topic of discussion. Nevertheless, adherence to a strict observation protocol is the cornerstone of early detection and treatment with curative options for patients with a high risk of developing HCC. This review examines prevention strategies, risk factors, and surveillance based on current guidelines.