Open AccessMedicogenetic counseling and prediction of insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus
Author(s) -
Тамара Леонидовна Кураева,
О. В. Ремизов,
И И Дедов
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
problemy èndokrinologii
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.124
H-Index - 5
eISSN - 2308-1430
pISSN - 0375-9660
DOI - 10.14341/probl12049
Subject(s) - genetic predisposition , diabetes mellitus , disease , asymptomatic , insulin , medicine , stage (stratigraphy) , heritability , autoimmune disease , endocrinology , biology , genetics , paleontology
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a genetically determined disease, in the mechanisms of which autoimmune processes are leading, leading to disruption of insulin production. At present, quite convincing data have been accumulated testifying to the importance of genetic factors in the development of IDDM. Their contribution to the development of the disease (heritability coefficient) is 0.6-0.7, if we take the complete dependence of the development of IDDM on genetic factors as 1.0. The realization of a genetic predisposition in many respects depends on environmental influences that are not yet fully understood. In the development of IDDM, 6 stages are distinguished: stage 1 - a genetic predisposition, stage 2 - a hypothetical starting moment, stage 3 - an active autoimmune process, stage 4 - a decrease in insulin secretion in response to glucose intake, 5 stage I - clinical manifestation, which develops after the death of 80-90% of b-cells, and stage 6 - complete destruction of b-cells. Complete destruction of b-cells, according to some authors, occurs after 5 years or more. Since the development of IDDM is, as a rule, a long multi-stage process that sharply manifests itself at some point, in recent years attempts have been made to predict the development of the disease and verify the asymptomatic preclinical period.