Open AccessA Review on Male Infertility - Environmental Factors, Pathophysiological and Oxidative Stress
Author(s) -
Lata Kanyal Butola,
Archana Dhok,
Deepika Kanyal,
Anjali Vagga
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2278-4802
pISSN - 2278-4748
DOI - 10.14260/jemds/2021/767
Subject(s) - infertility , medicine , fertility , obesity , male infertility , environmental health , oxidative stress , alcohol consumption , pregnancy , population , endocrinology , alcohol , biology , biochemistry , genetics
Male infertility is one of the rising global problems with an increasing decline in male semen quality among men living in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America. Infertility is defined as the failure of conception after at least 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Globally 70 million people are affected by infertility. Environmental, occupational and modifiable lifestyle factors may contribute to this decline of male fertility. Various factors associated with male infertility include smoking cigarettes, alcohol intake, use of illicit drugs, obesity, genetic factors, heavy metals, psychological stress, exposure to pesticides and industrial chemicals, poor nutrition intake, oxidative stress, sedentary lifestyle, advanced paternal age, diet and coffee consumption. KEY WORDS Infertility, Antioxidant, Environmental Factors, Endocrine Factors