Open AccessIdiopathic Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation - A Rare Entity
Author(s) -
Sanyukta Hepat,
Ruchita Kabra,
Abhijit Wadekar,
Sourya Acharya,
Samarth Shukla,
Sunil Kumar
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of evolution of medical and dental sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2278-4802
pISSN - 2278-4748
DOI - 10.14260/jemds/2021/730
Subject(s) - medicine , embolization , radiology , arteriovenous malformation , shunt (medical) , pulmonary angiography , asymptomatic , vascular malformation , lung , angiography , gold standard (test) , pulmonary sequestration , right to left shunt , pulmonary hypertension , surgery , patent foramen ovale , percutaneous
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) is one of the rare pulmonary vascular anomalies. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation results in right to left shunt due to the abnormal communications between the pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary veins bypassing the normal capillary bed.1 This condition being rare could be easily missed, hence, it is essential for clinicians to suspect it based on the classical clinical features. This helps in early diagnosis and deciding further appropriate treatment option. Here we report the case of a patient affected by a large idiopathic pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in the right lung. Most patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformation are asymptomatic. This is due to the chronic compensation and secondary erythrocytic response. Dyspnoea due to PAVMs are a result of right-to-left shunt. Initial diagnostic tools include chest radiography and contrast enhanced computed tomography but the gold standard is pulmonary angiography.2 Because AVM has substantial morbidity rates associated with it, all patients with PAVMs who can undergo embolization should be treated with transcatheter embolization. In rest of the patients, surgical excision should be considered. The main objective of this study was to highlight the early suspicion and diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation as this is easily missed and leads to undue delay of treatment.