Phytochemical Analysis, Pharmacological Activities, Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from the Roots of Sterculia urens Roxb.

The present study was intended to explore the pharmacological significance of the crude root extractof Sterculia urens Roxb. Further the bio-active compounds were isolated and characterized usingchromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Soxhlet extraction apparatus was utilized for isolationof the chemical constituents from the root using a series of solvents such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate,methanol and water. The pharmacological activities such as inhibition of DPPH radical, α-amylaseenzyme activity, albumin denaturation along with antibacterial and thrombolytic activities. The isolationof purified bioactive constituents was carried using preparative HPLC technique and the purifiedcompounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques like NMR, IR and mass. Among thecrude root extracts, methanolic extract shows high DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50concentration of 26.74 ± 0.08 μg/mL. The IC50 concentrations in α-amylase enzyme inhibition activitywas 263.96 ± 0.90, 127.73 ± 1.23 and 223.54 ± 4.76 μg/mL, respectively for ethyl acetate, methanoland water extracts, respectively. The methanolic extract shows high albumin denaturation inhibitionassay than other extracts with IC50 concentration as 137.09 ± 0.20 μg/mL, which is very close tostandard ascorbic acid. The methanolic extract also shows high % clot lysis than other extracts andresults were comparable with 100 μL of streptokinase standard. The preparative HPLC followed byspectral analysis confirm that two known alkaloids (Sterculinine I & II) and three known flavonoids(gossypetin, apigenin and 6-hydroxyluteolin) were purified and characterized from the root methanolof Sterculia urens Roxb. The purified and identified compounds were reported for the first time inSterculia urens Roxb.