Open AccessExtraction and GC-MS Analysis of the Essential Oil from the Peel of Solanum incanum and its Antibacterial Activity Studies
Author(s) -
Mequanint Molla Yetayih,
Y. Dominic Ravichandran
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
asian journal of chemistry/asian journal of chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.145
H-Index - 34
eISSN - 0975-427X
pISSN - 0970-7077
DOI - 10.14233/ajchem.2020.22770
Subject(s) - chemistry , phytochemical , petroleum ether , diethyl ether , essential oil , ethyl acetate , antibacterial activity , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , diethyl phthalate , chromatography , organic chemistry , mass spectrometry , extraction (chemistry) , phthalate , biochemistry , biology , bacteria , genetics
Phytochemicals were extracted from the peel of Solanum incanum (S. incanum) with methanol (70%v/v). The phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract showed the presence of glycosides, steroids,terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and phenolic compounds. The successivepartitioning of the methanolic extract was carried out with three solvents hexane, diethyl ether andethyl acetate. The diethyl ether fraction yielded two immiscible fractions. The oil was separated asessential oil fraction and analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The GC-MSanalysis of the essential oil indicated 17 compounds including 2,3-butanediol (76.76%), diethyl phthalate(8.32%), benzyl benzoate (3.02%), 2,6-dimethyl-6-nitro-2-hepten-4-one (2.56%) and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene (1.88%). Among them, the mass spectral patterns of three compounds wereanalyzed, discussed and confirmed with NIST database. The antibacterial study of essential oil wasconducted using four pathogens (E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. aureus and S. pyogenes) at four differentconcentrations (250, 500, 750 and 1000 μg/mL). The result indicates that the essential oil extractedfrom the peel of Solanum incanum exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against E. coli and K.pneumonia in 1000 μg/mL, respectively compared with the positive control gentamicin (10 μg/mL).The result of this study revealed the presence of various organic components and the antibacterialactivity of this plant essential oil may be as a result of the major compounds.