Open AccessEffect of Nickel Concentration in Natural Zeolite as Catalyst in Hydrocracking Process of Used Cooking Oil
Author(s) -
E.P. S usi,
Karna Wijaya,
Wangsa,
Remi Ayu Pratika,
Poedji Loekitowati Hariani
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
asian journal of chemistry/asian journal of chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.145
H-Index - 34
eISSN - 0975-427X
pISSN - 0970-7077
DOI - 10.14233/ajchem.2020.22708
Subject(s) - catalysis , zeolite , chemistry , nickel , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , particle size , nuclear chemistry , scanning electron microscope , bet theory , adsorption , specific surface area , chemical engineering , materials science , organic chemistry , engineering , composite material
Zeolites impregnated with Ni were successfully synthesized through wet impregnation using activatednatural zeolites (ANZs) and the nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O) precursor at differentconcentrations of 1%, 2% and 3% (w/w) (hereafter referred to as ANZ/Ni 1%, ANZ/Ni 2%, andANZ/Ni 3%). The synthesized products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface area analyzer (SAA), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), total acidity measurements by employing ammonia adsorption and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) theory. The obtained catalysts were employed in the hydrocracking of waste cooking oils, andthe formed products were analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). TheFTIR results indicated that ANZs impregnated with Ni can increase zeolite acidity. The test results oftotal acidity revealed that 3% ANZ/Ni catalyst exhibited the maximum total acidity of 3.70 mmol/g.XRD diffractogram confirmed the successful impregnation of Ni into ANZs, which was indicated bythe characteristic diffraction peaks appearing at 2θ of 9.75º, 13.41º, 19.56º, 22.25º, 25.61º, 27.66º and31.91º. SEM analysis indicated that the particle size of zeolite catalysts was non-uniform, but thesecatalysts exhibited a highly uniform surface after they were activated. Moreover, the ANZ catalystsimpregnated with different concentrations of Ni exhibited a highly uniform particle size. The ANZ/Ni3% catalyst had small uniform particle. The BET results revealed that the ANZ/Ni 2% catalyst exhibitedthe maximum pore volume and surface area and relatively smaller radii of pores. GC-MS was employedto determine liquid products, and its results showed that the ANZ/Ni 3% catalyst had the maximumamount of liquid products of 18%.