Open AccessA lipid-binding loop of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes B, DC and G is an essential feature to confer their exquisite potency
Author(s) -
Daniel Stern,
Jasmin Weisemann,
Alexander Le Blanc,
Laura von Berg,
Stefan Mahrhold,
Janett Piesker,
Michael Laue,
Peter B. Luppa,
Martin B. Dorner,
Brigitte G. Dorner,
Andreas Rummel
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
plos pathogens
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.719
H-Index - 206
eISSN - 1553-7374
pISSN - 1553-7366
DOI - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007048
Subject(s) - ganglioside , chemistry , receptor , synaptotagmin 1 , biophysics , plasma protein binding , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , biology , synaptic vesicle , vesicle , membrane
The exceptional toxicity of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is mediated by high avidity binding to complex polysialogangliosides and intraluminal segments of synaptic vesicle proteins embedded in the presynaptic membrane. One peculiarity is an exposed hydrophobic loop in the toxin’s cell binding domain H C , which is located between the ganglioside- and protein receptor-binding sites, and that is particularly pronounced in the serotypes BoNT/B, DC, and G sharing synaptotagmin as protein receptor. Here, we provide evidence that this H C loop is a critical component of their tripartite receptor recognition complex. Binding to nanodisc-embedded receptors and toxicity were virtually abolished in BoNT mutants lacking residues at the tip of the H C loop. Surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that only insertion of the H C loop into the lipid-bilayer compensates for the entropic penalty inflicted by the dual-receptor binding. Our results represent a new paradigm of how BoNT/B, DC, and G employ ternary interactions with a protein, ganglioside, and lipids to mediate their extraordinary neurotoxicity.