Open AccessContribution of cardio-vascular risk factors to depressive status in the PREDIMED-PLUS Trial. A cross-sectional and a 2-year longitudinal study
Author(s) -
Sandra MartínPeláez,
Lluís SerraMajem,
Naomi Cano-Ibáñez,
Miguel Ángel MartínezGonzález,
Jordi SalasSalvadó,
Dolores Corella,
Camille Lassale,
José Alfredo Martínez Hernández,
Ángel M. AlonsoGómez,
Julia Wärnberǵ,
Jesús Vioque,
Dora Romaguera,
José LópezMiranda,
Ramón Estruch,
Francisco J. Tinahones,
José Lapetra,
Fernando FernándezAranda,
Aurora BuenoCavanillas,
Josep A. Tur,
Vicente Martín,
Xavier Pintó,
Miguel DelgadoRodríguez,
Pilar Matía,
Josep Vidal,
Clotilde Vázquez,
Lidia Daimiel,
Emili Ros,
Estefanía Toledo,
Stephanie K. Nishi,
José V. Sorlí,
Mireia Malcampo,
M. Ángeles Zulet,
Anaí Moreno-Rodríguez,
Raquel Cueto-Galán,
Diego Vivancos-Aparicio,
Antoni Colom,
Antonio GarcíaRios,
Rosa Casas,
M. Rosa BernalLópez,
José Manuel SantosLozano,
Zenaida Vázquez,
Carlos Gómez Martínez,
Carolina Ortega,
José Luis del Val García,
Itziar Abete,
Amaia Goikoetxea-Bahon,
Elena Pascual,
Nerea BecerraTomás,
Josep Chillarón,
Almudena SánchezVillegas
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0265079
Subject(s) - medicine , depression (economics) , odds ratio , population , logistic regression , beck depression inventory , psychiatry , anxiety , environmental health , economics , macroeconomics
Background Cardio-vascular disease and depression are thought to be closely related, due to shared risk factors. The aim of the study was to determine the association between cardio-vascular risk (CVR) factors and depressive status in a population (55–75 years) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Methods and findings Participants were classified into three groups of CVR according to the Framingham-based REGICOR function: (1) low (LR), (2) medium (MR) or (3) high/very high (HR). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms at baseline and after 2 years. The association between CVR and depressive status at baseline (n = 6545), and their changes after 2 years (n = 4566) were evaluated through multivariable regression models (logistic and linear models). HR women showed higher odds of depressive status than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.26, 2.50)]. MR and HR participants with total cholesterol <160 mg/mL showed higher odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.77 (1.13, 2.77) and 2.83 (1.25, 6.42) respectively)] but those with total cholesterol ≥280 mg/mL showed lower odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 0.26 (0.07, 0.98) and 0.23 (0.05, 0.95), respectively]. All participants decreased their BDI-II score after 2 years, being the decrease smaller in MR and HR diabetic compared to LR [adjusted mean±SE = -0.52±0.20, -0.41±0.27 and -1.25±0.31 respectively). MR and HR participants with total cholesterol between 240–279 mg/mL showed greater decreases in the BDI-II score compared to LR (adjusted mean±SE = -0.83±0.37, -0.77±0.64 and 0.97±0.52 respectively). Conclusions Improving cardiovascular health could prevent the onset of depression in the elderly. Diabetes and total cholesterol in individuals at high CVR, may play a specific role in the precise response. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870).