Open AccessPrevalence of Newcastle disease and associated risk factors in domestic chickens in the Indian state of Odisha
Author(s) -
Niranjana Sahoo,
Kashyap Bhuyan,
Biswaranjan Panda,
N. C. Behura,
Sangram Biswal,
Lipismita Samal,
Deepika Chaudhary,
Nitish Bansal,
Renu Singh,
Vinay Joshi,
Naresh Jindal,
N. K. Mahajan,
Sushila Maan,
Chintu Ravishankar,
R. Rajasekhar,
Jessica RadzioBasu,
Catherine M. Herzog,
Vivek Kapur,
Sunil K. Mor,
Sagar M. Goyal
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0264028
Subject(s) - newcastle disease , flock , veterinary medicine , vaccination , disease , biology , epidemiology , disease surveillance , poultry farming , virus , environmental health , medicine , virology
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a contagious disease that affects a variety of domestic and wild avian species. Though ND is vaccine-preventable, it is a persistent threat to poultry industry across the globe. The disease represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in chickens. To better understand the epidemiology of NDV among commercial and backyard chickens of Odisha, where chicken farming is being prioritized to assist with poverty alleviation, a cross-sectional study was conducted in two distinct seasons during 2018. Choanal swabs ( n = 1361) from live birds (commercial layers, broilers, and backyard chicken) and tracheal tissues from dead birds ( n = 10) were collected and tested by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of matrix (M) and fusion (F) genes of NDV. Risk factors at the flock and individual bird levels (health status, ND vaccination status, geographical zone, management system, and housing) were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Of the 1371 samples tested, 160 were positive for M gene amplification indicating an overall apparent prevalence of 11.7% (95% CI 10.1–13.5%). Circulation of virulent NDV strains was also evident with apparent prevalence of 8.1% (13/160; 95% CI: 4.8–13.4%). In addition, commercial birds had significantly higher odds (75%) of being infected with NDV as compared to backyard poultry ( p = 0.01). This study helps fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in apparently healthy birds in eastern India, and provides a framework for future longitudinal research of NDV risk and mitigation in targeted geographies—a step forward for effective control of ND in Odisha.