Open AccessMigratory wild birds carrying multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli as potential transmitters of antimicrobial resistance in China
Author(s) -
Yue Yuan,
Bing Liu,
Bowen Jiang,
Li Zhu,
Tiecheng Wang,
Yuan-guo Li,
Jun Liu,
Xuejun Guo,
Xue Ji,
Yansong Sun
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0261444
Subject(s) - biology , tetracycline , antibiotic resistance , escherichia coli , multiple drug resistance , microbiology and biotechnology , veterinary medicine , drug resistance , antimicrobial , feces , antibiotics , gene , medicine , biochemistry
Migratory birds play an important role in the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. To investigate the prevalence of MDR Escherichia coli in migratory birds in China and potential relationships with the environment, a total of 1387 samples (fecal samples, cloacal swabs, or throat swabs) were collected from migratory birds from three different river basins in China. The collected samples were processed and subjected to bacteriological examinations. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the recovered isolates was performed using the E-test for the detection of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Some antibiotic resistance genes were detected and the PCR products were confirmed by sequencing. In total, 478 (34.7%) E . coli isolates were recovered. The results showed that the drug-resistant E . coli isolates were highly resistant to β-lactams (43.7%) and tetracycline (22.6%), and 73 (15.3%) were MDR, including eight that were extended spectrum β-lactamase-positive. The retrieved strains harbored the bla CTX-M , bla TEM-1 , tet( A ) , tet( B ) , tet( M ) , sul1 , sul2 , sul3 , cmlA , floR , and intI1 genes with a prevalence of 5.9%, 36.4%, 80.5%, 11.9%, 6.8%, 6.8%, 47.5%, 12.7%, 50.8%, 37.3%, and 61.0%, respectively. The drug resistance rate of the isolates from southern China was higher than those from northern China. The E . coli samples collected for migratory birds in the Pearl River Basin had the highest proportion (46.7%) MDR isolates. Furthermore, MDR bacteria carried by migratory birds were closely related to the antibiotic content in the basin, which confirms that MDR bacteria carried by migratory birds are likely acquired from the environment. This study also confirmed that migratory birds are potential transmitters of MDR bacteria, demonstrating the need to reduce the use and emission of antibiotics and further in-depth studies on the mechanisms underlying drug resistance of bacteria.