Open AccessEvaluating the distribution of African swine fever virus within a feed mill environment following manufacture of inoculated feed
Author(s) -
C. Grace Elijah,
Jessie D. Trujillo,
Cassandra K Jones,
Natasha N. Gaudreault,
Charles R. Stark,
Konner Cool,
Chad B. Paulk,
Taehyun Kwon,
Jason C Woodworth,
Igor Morozov,
Carmina Gallardo,
Jordan T Gebhardt,
Jürgen A. Richt
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0256138
Subject(s) - african swine fever virus , animal feed , ingredient , biology , veterinary medicine , environmental science , microbiology and biotechnology , virus , virology , food science , medicine
It is critical to understand the role feed manufacturing may have regarding potential African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission, especially given the evidence that feed and/or ingredients may be potential vectors. The objective of the study was to evaluate the distribution of ASFV in a feed mill following manufacture of contaminated feed. To accomplish this, a pilot-scale feed mill consisting of a mixer, bucket elevator, and spouting was constructed in a BSL-3Ag facility. First, a batch of ASFV-free feed was manufactured, followed by a batch of feed that had an ASFV-contaminated ingredient added to feed, which was then mixed and discharged from the equipment. Subsequently, four additional ASFV-free batches of feed were manufactured using the same equipment. Environmental swabs from 18 locations within the BSL-3Ag room were collected after each batch of feed was discharged. The locations of the swabs were categorized into four zones: 1) feed contact surface, 2) non-feed contact surface < 1 meter away from feed, 3) non-feed contact surface > 1 meter from feed, and 4) transient surfaces. Environmental swabs were analyzed using a qPCR specific for the ASFV p72 gene and reported as genomic copy number (CN)/mL of environmental swab processing buffer. Genomic copies were transformed with a log 10 function for statistical analysis. There was no evidence of a zone × batch interaction for log 10 genomic CN/mL ( P = 0.625) or cycle threshold (Ct) value ( P = 0.608). Sampling zone impacted the log 10 p72 genomic CN/mL ( P < 0.0001) and Ct values ( P < 0.0001), with a greater amount of viral genome detected on transient surfaces compared to other surfaces ( P < 0.05). This study illustrates that once ASFV enters the feed mill environment it becomes widespread and movement of people can significantly contribute to the spread of ASFV in a feed mill environment.