Open AccessDevelopment and preliminary validation of the Emotions while Learning an Instrument Scale (ELIS)
Author(s) -
Ingo Roden,
Esther Kamala Friedrich,
Sonja Etzler,
Emily Frankenberg,
Gunter Kreutz,
Stephan Bongard
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0255019
Subject(s) - cronbach's alpha , confirmatory factor analysis , psychology , scale (ratio) , musical instrument , exploratory factor analysis , psychometrics , reliability (semiconductor) , developmental psychology , cognitive psychology , structural equation modeling , statistics , mathematics , power (physics) , physics , quantum mechanics , acoustics
Learning to play a musical instrument is associated with different, partially conflicting emotions. This paper describes the development and psychometric properties of the Emotions while Learning an Instrument Scale (ELIS). In a longitudinal study with 545 German elementary school children factorial structure and psychometric properties were evaluated. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a two-factor solution measuring Positive musical Emotions while Learning an Instrument (PELI) and Negative Emotions while Learning an Instrument (NELI). Both subscales yielded scores with adequate internal reliability (Cronbach’s α = .74, .86) and relatively stable retest reliabilities over 18 months ( r = .11 -.56). Preliminary evidence of congruent and divergent validity of the subscales is provided. Implications for future research of musical emotional experiences in children are discussed.