Open AccessLate-life depression, subjective cognitive decline, and their additive risk in incidence of dementia: A nationwide longitudinal study
Author(s) -
ShengMin Wang,
Kyungdo Han,
Nak-Young Kim,
Yoo Hyun Um,
Dong Woo Kang,
Hae-Ran Na,
Chang-Uk Lee,
Hyun Kook Lim
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0254639
Subject(s) - dementia , medicine , depression (economics) , hazard ratio , incidence (geometry) , cognitive decline , cohort study , cohort , late life depression , psychiatry , population , pediatrics , cognition , confidence interval , disease , physics , environmental health , optics , economics , macroeconomics
Objective Late-life depression and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are significant risk factors for dementia. However, studies with a large sample size are needed to clarify their independent and combined risks for subsequent dementia. Methods This nationwide population-based cohort study included all individuals aged 66 years who participated in the National Screening Program between 2009 and 2013 (N = 939,099). Subjects were followed from the day they underwent screening to the diagnosis of dementia, death, or the last follow-up day (December 31, 2017). Results Depressive symptom presentation, recent depressive disorder, and SCD independently increased dementia incidence with adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.286 (95% CI:1.255–1.318), 1.697 (95% CI:1.621–1.776), and 1.748 (95% CI: 689–1.808) respectively. Subjects having both SCD and depression had a higher risk (aHR = 2.466, 95% CI:2.383–2.551) of dementia than having depression (aHR = 1.402, 95% CI:1.364–1.441) or SCD (aHR = 1.748, 95% CI:1.689–1.808) alone. Conclusions Depressive symptoms, depressive disorder, and SCD are independent risk factors for dementia. Co-occurring depression and SCD have an additive effect on the risk of dementia; thus, early intervention and close follow up are necessary for patients with co-occurring SCD and depression.