Open AccessExpression of pyrethroid metabolizing P450 enzymes characterizes highly resistant Anopheles vector species targeted by successful deployment of PBO-treated bednets in Tanzania
Author(s) -
Johnson Matowo,
David Weetman,
Patricia Pignatelli,
Alexandra Wright,
Jacques Derek Charlwood,
Robert Kaaya,
Boniface Shirima,
Oliva Moshi,
Eliud Lukole,
Jacklin F Mosha,
Alphaxard Manjurano,
Franklin W. Mosha,
Mark Rowland,
Natacha Protopopoff
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0249440
Subject(s) - pyrethroid , piperonyl butoxide , permethrin , biology , anopheles gambiae , malaria , knockdown resistance , population , deltamethrin , toxicology , vector (molecular biology) , anopheles , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , bendiocarb , environmental health , gene , ecology , pesticide , medicine , immunology , recombinant dna
Long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are a proven tool to reduce malaria transmission, but in Africa efficacy is being reduced by pyrethroid resistance in the major vectors. A previous study that was conducted in Muleba district, Tanzania indicated possible involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in a pyrethroid resistance in An . gambiae population where pre-exposure to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) followed by permethrin exposure in CDC bottle bioassays led to partial restoration of susceptibility. PBO is a synergist that can block pyrethroid-metabolizing enzymes in a mosquito. Insecticide resistance profiles and underlying mechanisms were investigated in Anopheles gambiae and An . funestus from Muleba during a cluster randomized trial. Diagnostic dose bioassays using permethrin, together with intensity assays, suggest pyrethroid resistance that is both strong and very common, but not extreme. Transcriptomic analysis found multiple P450 genes over expressed including CYP6M2, CYP6Z3, CYP6P3, CYP6P4, CYP6AA1 and CYP9K1 in An . gambiae and CYP6N1, CYP6M7, CYP6M1 and CYP6Z1 in An . funestus . Indeed, very similar suites of P450 enzymes commonly associated with resistant populations elsewhere in Africa were detected as over expressed suggesting a convergence of mechanisms across Sub-Saharan African malaria vectors. The findings give insight into factors that may correlate with pyrethroid PBO LLIN success, broadly supporting model predictions, but revision to guidelines previously issued by the World Health Organization is warranted.