Early detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients in Thailand | Zendy

Opass Putcharoen | Zendy; Supaporn Wacharapluesadee | Zendy; Wan Ni Chia | Zendy; Leilani Paitoonpong | Zendy; Chee Wah Tan | Zendy; Gompol Suwanpimolkul | Zendy; Watsamon Jantarabenjakul | Zendy; Chanida Ruchisrisarod | Zendy; Phanni Wanthong | Zendy; Jiratchaya Sophonphan | Zendy; Pajaree Chariyavilaskul | Zendy; LinFa Wang | Zendy; Thiravat Hemachudha | Zendy

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Early detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients in Thailand

Author(s) -

Opass Putcharoen,

Supaporn Wacharapluesadee,

Wan Ni Chia,

Leilani Paitoonpong,

Chee Wah Tan,

Gompol Suwanpimolkul,

Watsamon Jantarabenjakul,

Chanida Ruchisrisarod,

Phanni Wanthong,

Jiratchaya Sophonphan,

Pajaree Chariyavilaskul,

LinFa Wang,

Thiravat Hemachudha

Publication year - 2021

Publication title -

plos one

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99

H-Index - 332

ISSN - 1932-6203

DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0246864

Subject(s) - interquartile range , medicine , antibody , confidence interval , covid-19 , gastroenterology , neutralization , immunology , surrogate endpoint , virology , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty)

Background The presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is an indicator of protective immunity for most viral infections. A newly developed surrogate viral neutralization assay (sVNT) offers the ability to detect total receptor binding domain-targeting NAbs in an isotype-independent manner, increasing the test sensitivity. Thus, specimens with low IgM/ IgG antibody levels showed strong neutralization activity in sVNT. Methods This study aimed to measure the %inhibition of NAbs measured by sVNT in PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. The sensitivity of sVNT for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its kinetics were determined. Results Ninety-seven patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study. Majority of the patients were 21–40 years old (67%) and 63% had mild symptoms. The sensitivity of sVNT for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 99% (95% confidence interval (CI) 94.4–100%) and the specificity was 100% (95% CI 98.3–100%). The negative predictive value of sVNT from the samples collected before and after 7 days of symptom onset was 99.5% (95% CI 97.4–100%) and 100% (95% CI 93.8–100%), respectively. The level of inhibition at days 8–14 were significantly higher than days 0–7 (p<0.001). The median %inhibition values by severity of COVID-19 symptoms were 79.9% (interquartile range (IQR) 49.7–91.8%); 89.0% (IQR 71.2–92.4%); and 86.6% (IQR 69.5–92.8%), for mild, moderate and severe/critical symptoms respectively. The median level of sVNT %inhibition of severe was significantly higher than the mild group (p = 0.05). Conclusion The sVNT is a practical and robust serological test for SARS-CoV-2 infection and does not require specialized biosafety containment. It can be used clinically to aid diagnosis in both early and late infection especially in cases when the real-time RT-PCR results in weakly negative or weakly positive, and to determine the protective immune response from SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients.

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