Nitrogen signals and their ecological significance for seed germination of ten psammophilous plant species from European dry acidic grasslands

The presented study evaluated effects of potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) on the germination-related characteristics of 10 species from European dry acidic grasslands. Germination was studied under controlled laboratory conditions. The seeds were subjected to KNO 3 , NH 4 NO 3 and NH 4 Cl in four doses (1, 10, 50 and 100 mM) and to distilled water. Final germination percentage, index of germination velocity and index of germination synchrony were determined. Content of nitrogen in the soil probed from the site of seeds collection was also analyzed. Significant effects of type of the nitrogen compounds and their concentrations were observed. High concentrations of nitrogen-containing salts inhibited completion of germination in almost all species. Helichrysum arenarium and Hypericum perforatum showed preference for NH 4 + over NO 3 ‒ , whereas Arnoseris minima , Alyssum montanum , Jasione montana and Spergula morisonii showed preference for NO 3 ‒ over NH 4 + . Centaurea scabiosa , C . stoebe and Hypochaeris radicata had no preference and wide tolerance to the type of nitrogen-containing compound. Echium vulgare showed differential response hard for interpretation. A . montanum and J . montana showed stenotopic behavior in terms of nitrogen-related conditions. It is proposed that nitrogen-rich soil gaps favor establishment of more nitro-tolerant plant species (e.g. C . scabiosa , C . stoebe and H . radicata ) as compared to nitrogen-poor ones.