Open AccessOn genetic diversity in caraway: Genotyping of a large germplasm collection
Author(s) -
Daniel von Maydell,
Heike Lehnert,
Thomas Berner,
Evelyn Klocke,
Wolfram Junghanns,
Jens Keilwagen,
Frank Marthe
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0244666
Subject(s) - biology , genetic diversity , germplasm , analysis of molecular variance , genotyping , genetic variation , population , genome size , phylogenetic tree , genome , genetic structure , evolutionary biology , genotype , genetics , botany , gene , demography , sociology
Caraway ( Carum carvi ) is a widespread and frequently used spice and medicinal plant with a long history of cultivation. However, due to ongoing climatic changes, the cultivation is becoming increasingly risky. To secure caraway cultivation in future, timely breeding efforts to develop adapted material are necessary. Analysis of genetic diversity can accompany this process, for instance, by revealing untapped gene pools. Here, we analyzed 137 accessions using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Hence, we can report a broad overview of population structure and genetic diversity of caraway. Population structure was determined using a principal coordinate analysis, a Bayesian clustering analysis, phylogenetic trees and a neighbor network based on 13,155 SNPs. Genotypic data indicate a clear separation of accessions into two subpopulations, which correlates with the flowering type (annual vs . biennial). Four winter-annual accessions were closer related to biennial accessions. In an analysis of molecular variance, genetic variation between the two subpopulations was 7.84%. In addition, we estimated the genome size for 35 accessions by flow cytometry. An average genome size of 4.282 pg/2C (± 0.0096 S.E.) was estimated. Therefore, we suggest a significantly smaller genome size than stated in literature.