Open AccessCan the detection dog alert on COVID-19 positive persons by sniffing axillary sweat samples? A proof-of-concept study
Author(s) -
Dominique Grandjean,
Riad Sarkis,
Clothilde Lecoq-Julien,
Aymeric Benard,
Vinciane Roger,
Éric Levesque,
Eric Bernes-Luciani,
Bruno Maestracci,
Pascal Morvan,
Eric Gully,
David Berceau-Falancourt,
Pierre Haufstater,
Gregory Herin,
Joaquín Cabrera,
Quentin Muzzin,
Capucine Gallet,
Hélène Bacqué,
Jean Marie Broc,
Leo Thomas,
Anthony Lichaa,
Georges Moujaes,
Michele Saliba,
Aurore Kuhn,
Mathilde Galey,
Benoit Berthail,
L Lapeyre,
Anthoni Capelli,
Steevens Renault,
Karim Bachir,
Anthony Kovinger,
Eric Comas,
Aymeric Stainmesse,
Erwan Etienne,
Sébastien Voeltzel,
Sofiane Mansouri,
Marlène Berceau-Falancourt,
Aimé Dami,
Lary Charlet,
Eric Ruau,
Mário Issa,
Carine Grenet,
Christophe Billy,
Jean Pierre Tourtier,
Loïc Desquilbet
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0243122
Subject(s) - asymptomatic , covid-19 , medicine , confidence interval , sweat , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty)
The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to evaluate if trained dogs could discriminate between sweat samples from symptomatic COVID-19 positive individuals (SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive) and those from asymptomatic COVID-19 negative individuals. The study was conducted at 2 sites (Paris, France, and Beirut, Lebanon), followed the same training and testing protocols, and involved six detection dogs (three explosive detection dogs, one search and rescue dog, and two colon cancer detection dogs). A total of 177 individuals were recruited for the study (95 symptomatic COVID-19 positive and 82 asymptomatic COVID-19 negative individuals) from five hospitals, and one underarm sweat sample per individual was collected. The dog training sessions lasted between one and three weeks. Once trained, the dog had to mark the COVID-19 positive sample randomly placed behind one of three or four olfactory cones (the other cones contained at least one COVID-19 negative sample and between zero and two mocks). During the testing session, a COVID-19 positive sample could be used up to a maximum of three times for one dog. The dog and its handler were both blinded to the COVID-positive sample location. The success rate per dog (i.e., the number of correct indications divided by the number of trials) ranged from 76% to 100%. The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of the estimated success rate was most of the time higher than the success rate obtained by chance after removing the number of mocks from calculations. These results provide some evidence that detection dogs may be able to discriminate between sweat samples from symptomatic COVID-19 individuals and those from asymptomatic COVID-19 negative individuals. However, due to the limitations of this proof-of-concept study (including using some COVID-19 samples more than once and potential confounding biases), these results must be confirmed in validation studies.