Open AccessSit bath systems: A new source of Legionella infection
Author(s) -
Luna Girolamini,
Marta Mazzotta,
Jessica Lizzadro,
Maria Rosaria Pascale,
Ada Dormi,
Silvano Salaris,
Sandra Cristino
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0241756
Subject(s) - legionella , legionella pneumophila , pseudomonas aeruginosa , microbiology and biotechnology , legionnaires' disease , hygiene , contamination , medicine , biology , bacteria , pathology , ecology , genetics
Sit Bath Systems (SBSs) are the most common hygiene method for patients who are not self-sufficient. Therefore, the water quality of SBSs in the nosocomial environment plays a fundamental role in controlling infections for both patients and health-care workers. A long-term study on Legionella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P . aeruginosa ) contamination was performed in SBSs (n = 20) of six Health Care Facilities (HCFs). A total of 254 water samples were analyzed following ISO procedures. The samples were positive for P . aeruginosa (46.85%) and Legionella (53.54%), respectively, both over the directive limits. Legionella isolates were identified as: Legionella pneumophila ( L . pneumophila ) serogroups 1, 3, and 6 and Legionella non- pneumophila species ( L . anisa , L . londiniensis , L . rubrilucens , and L . nagelii ). Moreover, the contamination found was studied with respect to median temperature measured (42 °C), from which two groups (A and B) could be distinguished. P . aeruginosa was found in both groups (100% of SBSs), while a higher percentage of Legionella positive samples was found in group A (75% of SBSs), compared to group B (50% of SBSs), showing how Legionella control could be carried out by using temperatures above 42 °C. An analysis of SBS water pipelines, maintenance, and disinfection treatments indicates SBSs as a new source of infection risk for both patients and health-care workers.