Open AccessPerceptual simultaneity and its modulation during EMG-triggered motion induction with electrical muscle stimulation
Author(s) -
Seito Matsubara,
Sohei Wakisaka,
Kazuo Aoyama,
Katie Seaborn,
Atsushi Hiyama,
Masahiko İnami
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0236497
Subject(s) - stimulation , electromyography , simultaneity , functional electrical stimulation , perception , motor control , psychology , control theory (sociology) , computer science , neuroscience , communication , physics , artificial intelligence , control (management) , classical mechanics
When human movement is assisted or controlled with a muscle actuator, such as electrical muscle stimulation, a critical issue is the integration of such induced movement with the person’s motion intention and how this movement then affects their motor control. Towards achieving optimal integration and reducing feelings of artificiality and enforcement, we explored perceptual simultaneity through electrical muscle stimulation, which involved changing the interval between intentional and induced movements. We report on two experiments in which we evaluated the ranges between detection and stimulus for perceptual simultaneity achievable with an electromyography-triggered electrical muscle stimulation system. We found that the peak range was approximately 80-160 ms, with the timing of perceptual simultaneity shifting according to different adaptation states. Our results indicate that perceptual simultaneity is controllable using this adaptation strategy.