Open AccessGenome-wide identification AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) genes in Brassica species and expression patterns during reproductive development in Brassica napus L.
Author(s) -
Shuai Shen,
Fangfang Sun,
Meichen Zhu,
Si Chen,
Mingwei Guan,
Rui Chen,
Fang Tang,
Nengwen Yin,
Xinhua Xu,
Zhongjie Tang,
Jiana Li,
Kun Lu,
Cunmin Qu
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0234411
Subject(s) - biology , brassica , gene , genetics , subfamily , genome , polyploid , phylogenetic tree , gene family , rapeseed , phylogenetics , botany
The AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) proteins, which belong to the AP2 family, play important roles in regulating the growth and development of plant organs. The AIL family has not yet been comprehensively studied in rapeseed ( Brassica napus ), an allotetraploid and model organism for the study of polyploid evolution. In the present study, 99 AIL family genes were identified and characterized from B . rapa , B . oleracea , B . napus , B . juncea , and B . nigra using a comprehensive genome-wide study, including analyses of phylogeny, gene structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern. Using a phylogenetic analysis, the AIL genes were divided into eight groups, which were closely related to the eight AtAIL genes, and which shared highly conserved structural features within the same subfamily. The non-synonymous/synonymous substitution ratios of the paralogs and orthologs were less than 1, suggesting that the AIL genes mainly experienced purifying selection during evolution. In addition, the RNA sequencing data and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the B . napus AIL genes exhibited organ- and developmental stage-specific expression patterns. Certain genes were highly expressed in the developing seeds ( BnaAIL1 , BnaAIL2 , BnaAIL5 , and BnaAIL6 ), the roots ( BnaANT , BnaAIL5 , and BnaAIL6 ), and the stem ( BnaAIL7B ). Our results provide valuable information for further functional analysis of the AIL family in B . napus and related Brassica species.