Open AccessPathogenic spectrum of blood stream infections and resistance pattern in Gram-negative bacteria from Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia
Author(s) -
Altaf Bandy,
Abdulrahman H. Almaeen
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0233704
Subject(s) - klebsiella pneumoniae , acinetobacter baumannii , microbiology and biotechnology , drug resistance , cephalosporin , pathogenic bacteria , antibiotic resistance , antimicrobial , antibiotics , carbapenem , biology , acinetobacter , bacteria , medicine , escherichia coli , pseudomonas aeruginosa , gene , biochemistry , genetics
Background The pathogenic spectrum of bloodstream infections (BSIs) varies across regions. Monitoring the pathogenic profile and antimicrobial resistance is a prerequisite for effective therapy, infection control and for strategies aimed to counter antimicrobial resistance. The pathogenic spectrum of BSIs in blood cultures was analysed, focusing on the resistance patterns of Acinetobacter baumannii , Escherichia coli , and Klebsiella pneumoniae , in Aljouf region. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study analysed the culture reports of all non-duplicate blood samples collected from January 1 to December 31, 2019. Antibiograms of A . baumannii , E . coli , and K . pneumoniae were analysed for antibiotic resistance. The frequency and percentages of multi-drug, extensively-drug, pan-drug and carbapenem resistance were calculated. Results Of the 222 bloodstream infections, 62.2% and 36.4% were caused by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Most BSIs occurred in patients aged ≥60 years (59.5%). Among the 103 isolates of the studied Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), 47.6%, 38.8%, and 2.9% were multi-drug, extensively drug and pan-drug resistant respectively. 46% of K . pneumoniae isolates were carbapenemase producers. Resistance to gentamycin, 1 st –4 th generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems was observed for A . baumannii . More than 70% of E . coli isolates were resistant to 3 rd - and 4 th -generation cephalosporins. Klebsiella pneumoniae presented a resistance rate of >60% to imipenems. Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria dominate BSIs, with carbapenem-resistant K . pneumoniae most frequently detected in this region. Resistant GNB infections make it challenging to treat geriatric patients. Regional variations in antimicrobial resistance should be continually monitored.