Open AccessCardiovascular risk factors in HIV infected individuals: Comparison with general adult control population in Greece
Author(s) -
Giota Touloumi,
Natasa Kalpourtzi,
Vasileios Papastamopoulos,
Vasilios Paparizos,
Georgios Adamis,
Anastasia Antoniadou,
Maria Chini,
Argiro Karakosta,
Konstantinos Makrilakis,
Magda Gavana,
Apostolos Vantarakis,
Mina Psichogiou,
Simeon Metallidis,
Nikolaos V. Sipsas,
Helen Sambatakou,
Christos Hadjichristodoulou,
Paraskevi V. Voulgari,
George Chrysos,
Charalambos Gogos,
Grigoris Chlouverakis,
G. Tripsianis,
Yannis Alamanos,
George S. Stergiou,
Emeno
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0230730
Subject(s) - medicine , population , diabetes mellitus , framingham risk score , cohort , body mass index , obesity , odds ratio , cohort study , blood pressure , overweight , national health and nutrition examination survey , demography , disease , environmental health , endocrinology , sociology
Background Although combined antiretroviral therapy has substantially improved the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV), mortality remains higher compared to the general population, mainly due to higher prevalence of non-HIV-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We assessed the prevalence of CVD risk and its contributing factors in adult PLHIV versus general population controls in Greece. Settings Cross-sectional comparison of PLHIV (Athens-Multicenter-AIDS-Cohort-Study; AMACS) versus general population controls (National health examination survey; EMENO). Methods All HIV-infected adults with ≥1 measurement of interest (blood pressure, lipids, glucose, weight, height) between 2012–2014 and all EMENO participants (2014–2016) were included. Ten-year total CVD risk was estimated using the Framingham (FRS) or the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) equations. Results 5839 PLHIV (median age:41.6 years, 85.4% males) and 4820 controls (median age:48 years, 48.4% males) were included. Adjusting for age, sex and origin, PLHIV were more likely to be current smokers (adjusted OR:1.53 [95% CI:1.35–1.74]) and dyslipidemic (aOR:1.18; [1.04–1.34]), less likely to be obese (aOR:0.44 [0.38–0.52], with no differences in hypertension, diabetes or high (≥20%) FRS but with greater odds of high (≥5%) SCORE (aOR:1.55 [1.05–2.30]). Further adjustment for educational level, anti-HCV positivity and BMI showed higher prevalence of hypertension in PLHIV. Conclusions Despite the relative absence of obesity, PLHIV have higher prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors and higher risk of fatal CVD compared to general population. Regular screening and early management of CVD risk factors in PLHIV should be of high priority for CVD prevention.