Open AccessAvermectin induces the oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and immunological responses in the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis
Author(s) -
Yi Huang,
Yuhang Hong,
Zhiqiu Huang,
Jilei Zhang,
Qiang Huang
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0225171
Subject(s) - avermectin , chinese mitten crab , eriocheir , superoxide dismutase , oxidative stress , genotoxicity , catalase , malondialdehyde , glutathione , comet assay , reactive oxygen species , antioxidant , biology , pharmacology , toxicity , toxicology , dna damage , chemistry , biochemistry , zoology , anatomy , enzyme , dna , organic chemistry
Avermectin is commonly used in aquaculture systems for pest control in recent decades in China. However, no information is provided for the toxic effect to the important commercial species, Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis . To investigate the aquatic toxicity of avermectin, an acute toxic test was performed in this study. The results showed that the 48 h- and 96 h- LC 50 were 1.663 and 0.954 mg/L, respectively. For further research, crabs were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.24 and 0.48 mg/L. Levels of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased with dose- and time- dependent responses, meanwhile the oxidative products including malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and protein carbonyl in serum increased significantly (P<0.05) at concentrations of 0.24 and 0.48 mg/L throughout the experiment. A significant (P<0.05) increase of intracellular ROS and decrease of phagocytic activity was observed in high concentration groups, with dose- and time- dependent manners during the exposure. In addition, serious genetic damage was detected, for the significant increase (P<0.05) of both comet ratio and %DNA in tail at each concentration, and micronucleus (MN) frequency at concentrations of 0.12, 0.24 and 0.48 mg/L at 96 h. These results indicated that sublethal concentration exposure of avermectin had a prominent toxic effect on E . sinensis based on the oxidative stress induced by generated ROS, immunological activity inhibition and genotoxicity.