The kinematics of cyclic human movement

Literature mentions two types of models describing cyclic movement—theory and data driven. Theory driven models include anatomical and physiological aspects. They are principally suitable for answering questions about the reasons for movement characteristics, but they are complicated and substantial simplifications do not allow generally valid results. Data driven models allow answering specific questions, but lack the understanding of the general movement characteristic. With this paper we try a compromise without having to rely on anatomy, neurology and muscle function. We hypothesize a general kinematic description of cyclic human motion is possible without having to specify the movement generating processes, and still get the kinematics right. The model proposed consists of a superposition of six contributions–subject’s attractor, morphing, short time fluctuation, transient effect, control mechanism and sensor noise, while characterizing numbers and random contributions. We test the model with data from treadmill running and stationary biking. Applying the model in a simulation results in good agreement between measured data and simulation values. We find in all our cases the similarity analysis between measurement and simulation is best for the same subjects—δ r u n s a m e s u b > 55 %andδ b i k e s a m e s u b > 64 % . All comparisons between different subjects are51 % > δ r u n d i f f e r e n t s u band52 % > δ b i k e d i f f e r e n t s u b. This uniquely allows for the identification of each measurement for the associated simulation. However, even different subject comparisons show good agreement between measurement and simulation results of differences δ run = 6.7±4.7% and δ bike = 5.1±4.5%.