Open AccessPlant growth promoting rhizobacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BJ01 augments endurance against N2 starvation by modulating physiology and biochemical activities of Arachis hypogea
Author(s) -
Ankita Alexander,
Vijay Kumar Singh,
Avinash Mishra,
Bhavanath Jha
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0222405
Subject(s) - arachis , rhizobacteria , stenotrophomonas maltophilia , osmoprotectant , biology , nitrogen fixation , legume , proline , food science , nitrogen deficiency , botany , horticulture , bacteria , rhizosphere , chemistry , biochemistry , amino acid , nitrogen , pseudomonas aeruginosa , genetics , organic chemistry
Arachis hypogea (Peanut) is one of the most important crops, and it is harvested and used for food and oil production. Being a legume crop, the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen is achieved through symbiotic association. Nitrogen deficiency is one of the major constrains for loss of crop productivity. The bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is known for interactions with plants. In this study, characteristics that promote plant growth were explored for their ability to enhance the growth of peanut plants under N 2 deficit condition. In the presence of S . maltophilia , it was observed that fatty acid composition of peanut plants was influenced and increased contents of omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid and omega-6 fatty acid (γ-Linolenic acid) were detected. Plant growth was increased in plants co-cultivated with PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) under normal and stress (nitrogen deficient) condition. Electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and H 2 O 2 content reduced in plants, co-cultivated with PGPR under normal (grown in a media supplemented with N 2 source; C+) or stress (nitrogen deficient N+) conditions compared to the corresponding control plants (i.e. not co-cultivated with PGPR; C–or N–). The growth hormone auxin, osmoprotectants (proline, total soluble sugars and total amino acids), total phenolic-compounds and total flavonoid content were enhanced in plants co-cultivated with PGPR. Additionally, antioxidant and free radical scavenging (DPPH, hydroxyl and H 2 O 2 ) activities were increased in plants that were treated with PGPR under both normal and N 2 deficit condition. Overall, these results indicate that plants co-cultivated with PGPR, S . maltophilia , increase plant growth, antioxidant levels, scavenging, and stress tolerance under N 2 deficit condition. The beneficial use of bacterium S . maltophilia could be explored further as an efficient PGPR for growing agricultural crops under N 2 deficit conditions. However, a detail agronomic study would be prerequisite to confirm its commercial role.