Open AccessPrevalence and socioeconomic determinants of development delay among children in Ceará, Brazil: A population-based study
Author(s) -
Luciano Lima Correia,
Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha,
Christopher R. Sudfeld,
Sabrina Gabriele Maia Oliveira Rocha,
Álvaro Jorge Madeiro Leite,
Jocileide Sales Campos,
Anamaria Cavalcante e Silva
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0215343
Subject(s) - socioeconomic status , population , demography , conditional cash transfer , medicine , social class , gross motor skill , child development , environmental health , motor skill , poverty , psychiatry , economic growth , sociology , political science , law , economics
Objective To assess the prevalence of child development delay and to identify socioeconomic determinants. Study design We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of children 2 to 72 months of age residing in the state of Ceará, Brazil. In total, 3200 households were randomly selected for participation in the study and had child development assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) version 3. Development delay was defined as a score of less than -2 standard deviations below the median of the Brazilian ASQ standard. We present population-level prevalence of delay in five development domains and assess socioeconomic determinants. Results A total of 3566 children completed the ASQ development assessment of which 9.2% (95% CI: 8.1–10.5) had at least one domain with development delay. The prevalence of delay increased with age in all domains and males were at higher risk for communication, gross motor and personal-social development delays as compared to females (p-values <0.05). We found robust associations of indicators of socioeconomic status with risk of development delay; increasing monthly income and higher social class were associated with reduced risk of delay across all domains (28,2% in the poorest and 21,2% in richest for any delay, p-values <0.05 for all domains). In addition, children in poor households that participated in conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs appeared to have reduced risk of delay as compared to children from households that were eligible, but did not participate, in CCT programs. Conclusions There is a relatively high population-level prevalence of development delay in at least one domain among children 0–6 years of age in Ceará, Brazil. Integrated child development, social support, and poverty reduction interventions may reduce the population-level prevalence of development delay in Ceará and similar settings.