Oxalate deposition in renal allograft biopsies within 3 months after transplantation is associated with allograft dysfunction

Background Calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposition in the kidney may lead to loss of native renal function but little is known about the prevalence and role of CaOx deposition in transplanted kidneys. Methods In patients transplanted in 2014 and 2015, all for-cause renal allograft biopsies obtained within 3 months post-transplantation were retrospectively investigated for CaOx deposition. Additionally, all preimplantation renal biopsies obtained in 2000 and 2001 were studied. Results In 2014 and 2015, 388 patients were transplanted, of whom 149 had at least one for-cause renal biopsy. Twenty-six (17%) patients had CaOx deposition. In the population with CaOx deposition: Patients had significantly more often been treated with dialysis before transplantation (89 vs. 64%; p = 0.011); delayed graft function occurred more frequently (42 vs. 23%; p = 0.038); and the eGFR at the time of first biopsy was significantly worse (21 vs. 29 ml/min/1.73m 2 ; p = 0.037). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, eGFR at the time of first biopsy (OR 0.958, 95%-Cl: 0.924–0.993, p = 0.019), dialysis before transplantation (OR 4.868, 95%-Cl: 1.128–21.003, p = 0.034) and the time of first biopsy after transplantation (OR 1.037, 95%-Cl: 1.013–1.062, p = 0.002) were independently associated with CaOx deposition. Graft survival censored for death was significantly worse in patients with CaOx deposition (p = 0.018). In only 1 of 106 preimplantation biopsies CaOx deposition was found (0.94%). Conclusion CaOx deposition appears to be primarily recipient-derived and is frequently observed in for-cause renal allograft biopsies obtained within 3 months post-transplantation. It is associated with inferior renal function at the time of biopsy and worse graft survival.