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Corneal nerve and endothelial cell damage in patients with transient ischemic attack and minor ischemic stroke
Author(s) -
Hoda Gad,
Adnan Khan,
Naveed Akhtar,
Saadat Kamran,
Ahmed Elsotouhy,
Soha R. Dargham,
Ioannis N. Petropoulos,
Georgios Ponirakis,
Ashfaq Shuaib,
Leopold J. Streletz,
Rayaz A. Malik
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0213319
Subject(s) - medicine , pleomorphism (cytology) , nerve fiber , endothelial stem cell , endothelium , ophthalmology , nerve fiber layer , confocal microscopy , minor stroke , corneal endothelium , ischemia , confocal , cornea , pathology , optic nerve , anatomy , biology , immunohistochemistry , stenosis , biochemistry , geometry , mathematics , in vitro , microbiology and biotechnology
Objective To determine if corneal confocal microscopy can identify corneal nerve and endothelial cell abnormalities and may be useful in the prognostication of patients with transient ischemic attack [ 1 ] or minor ischemic stroke (IS). Methods Thirty-six patients admitted with TIA (n = 14) or minor IS (n = 22) underwent transcranial Doppler evaluation and corneal confocal microscopy and were compared with 18 healthy controls. Results Corneal nerve fiber density ( P = 0.002), branch density ( P = 0.004) and fiber length ( P = 0.004) were significantly lower in patients with TIA or minor IS compared to controls, with no difference between patients with TIA and minor IS. Endothelial cell density ( P = 0.003) was lower and endothelial cell area ( P = 0.003) and perimeter ( P = 0.006) were significantly higher in patients with TIA or minor IS compared to controls, with no difference between patients with TIA and minor IS. There were no differences in corneal nerve or endothelial cell morphology between patients with and without abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity. HbA1c was independently associated with CNFL, and endothelial cell polymegathism and pleomorphism were associated with both HbA1c and total cholesterol. Conclusion Corneal confocal microscopy identifies corneal nerve fiber loss and endothelial cell abnormalities in patients with TIA and minor IS and independent associations with HbA1c and cholesterol.

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