Open AccessAssessment of the effectiveness of BG-Sentinel traps baited with CO2 and BG-Lure for the surveillance of vector mosquitoes in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Author(s) -
André Barretto Bruno Wilke,
Augusto Carvajal,
Johana Medina,
Melissa L. Anderson,
Veronica J. Nieves,
Mario Ramı́rez,
Chalmers Vasquez,
William D. Petrie,
Gabriel Cardenas,
John C. Beier
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0212688
Subject(s) - culex quinquefasciatus , aedes aegypti , aedes , vector (molecular biology) , outbreak , biology , mosquito control , toxicology , dengue fever , veterinary medicine , ecology , medicine , virology , malaria , larva , biochemistry , gene , immunology , recombinant dna
Vector-borne diseases are an increasing issue to public health, endangering billions of people worldwide. Controlling vector mosquitoes is widely accepted as the most effective way to prevent vector-borne disease outbreaks. Mosquito surveillance is critical for the development of control strategies under the integrated vector management framework. We hypothesize that the effectiveness and reliability of using BG-Sentinel traps for the surveillance strongly depend on the bait used to attract mosquitoes. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of BG-Sentinel traps baited with CO 2 and BG-Lure. A total of 72 traps were deployed for 48 hours once a week for four weeks. For the initial 24-hour period, the traps were baited with CO 2 , and then for an additional 24 hours using the BG-Lure. Collected mosquitoes were analyzed using the Generalized Estimating Equation for repeated measures analysis. Biodiversity was assessed by the Shannon and Simpson indices and by individual rarefaction curves and SHE profiles. A total of 5,154 mosquitoes were collected, from which 3,514 by traps baited with CO 2 and 1,640 mosquitoes by traps baited with BG-Lure. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were the most abundant and dominant species. Results from the Generalized Estimating Equation models indicated that more than twice as many mosquitoes were attracted CO 2 than to the BG-Lure. The comparison of attractiveness of CO 2 and BG-Lure to Ae . aegypti and Cx . quinquefasciatus was non-significant, suggesting that both species were equally attracted by the baits. The individual rarefaction curves for Ae . aegypti and Cx . quinquefasciatus imply that traps baited with BG-Lure underestimated mosquito species richness compared to those baited with CO 2 . BG-Lure were less effective in attracting mosquitoes with low abundances and failed to collect Cx . coronator and Cx . nigripalpus , which were consistently collected by traps baited with CO 2 . According to our results, CO 2 significantly ( P <0.05) attracted more mosquitoes (2.67 adjusted odds ratios) than the BG-Lure when adjusted for time and species, being more effective in assessing the relative abundance of vector mosquitoes and yielding more trustworthy results. Traps baited with CO 2 collected not only more specimens, but also more species in a more consistent pattern.