Open AccessFour new species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the tropical Andes and an update on the phylogeny of the genus
Author(s) -
Gloria Estela Barboza,
Carolina Carrizo García,
Segundo Leiva González,
Marisel Analía Scaldaferro,
Ximena Reyes
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0209792
Subject(s) - clade , genus , biology , incertae sedis , endemism , iucn red list , taxonomy (biology) , conservation status , geography , phylogenetic tree , ecology , zoology , botany , biochemistry , habitat , gene
Four new species of Capsicum (Capsiceae, Solanaceae) from Andean tropical forests in South America are described. Capsicum benoistii Hunz. ex Barboza sp. nov. (incertae sedis) is endemic to a restricted area in south-central Ecuador and is most similar to the more widespread C . geminifolium (Dammer) Hunz. (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru). Capsicum piuranum Barboza & S. Leiva sp. nov. (Andean clade) is found in northern Peru (Department Piura) and is morphologically most similar to C . caballeroi M. Nee of the Bolivian yungas (Departments Santa Cruz and Cochabamba) but closely related to C. geminifolium and C . lycianthoides Bitter. Capsicum longifolium Barboza & S. Leiva sp. nov. (Andean clade) occurs from northern Peru (Departments Amazonas, Cajamarca, and Piura) to southern Ecuador (Province Zamora-Chinchipe), and is morphologically most similar to C . dimorphum (Miers) Kuntze (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru). Capsicum neei Barboza & X. Reyes sp. nov. (Bolivian clade) is endemic to southeastern Bolivia (Departments Chuquisaca and Santa Cruz) in the Boliviano-Tucumano Forest, is morphologically most similar to another Bolivian endemic species C . minutiflorum Rusby (Hunz.), and is closely related to C . caballeroi . Complete descriptions, illustrations, distributions and conservation assessments of all new species are given. Chromosome numbers for C . piuranum and C . longifolium are also provided. Three of the new species were included in a new phylogenetic analysis for Capsicum ; their positions were strongly resolved within clades previously recognized in the genus.