Open AccessStepping into a dangerous quagmire: Macroecological determinants of Bothrops envenomings, Brazilian Amazon
Author(s) -
João Arthur Alcântara,
Paulo Sérgio Bernarde,
Jacqueline de Almeida Gonçalves Sachett,
Ageane Mota da Silva,
Samara Freire Valente,
Henry Maia Peixoto,
Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda,
Maria Regina Fernandes de Oliveira,
Ivan Saraiva,
Vanderson de Souza Sampaio,
Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0208532
Subject(s) - bothrops , amazon rainforest , ecology , geography , vegetation (pathology) , canopy , altitude (triangle) , environmental health , environmental science , biology , medicine , venom , geometry , mathematics , snake venom , pathology
Despite significant and successful efforts in Brazil regarding snakebites in the areas of research, antivenom manufacture and quality control, training of health professionals in the diagnosis and clinical management of bites, little is known about determinants of snakebites incidence in order to further plan interventions to reduce the impact of this medical condition. Understanding the complexity of ecological interactions in a geographical region is important for prediction, prevention and control measures of snakebites. This investigation aims to describe spatial distribution and identify environmental determinants of human envenoming by lancehead pit vipers ( Bothrops genus), in the Brazilian Amazon. Aggregated data by the municipality was used to analyze the spatial distribution of Bothrops bites cases and its relationship with geographic and environmental factors. Eight geo-environmental factors were included in the analysis as independent variables: (1) tree canopy loss increase; (2) area with vegetation cover; (3) area covered by water bodies; (4) altitude; (5) precipitation; (6) air relative humidity; (7) soil moisture; and (8) air temperature. Human envenoming by lancehead pit vipers ( Bothrops genus) in the Amazon region is more incident in lowlands [Adjusted regression coefficient [ARC] -0.0007 (IC95%: -0.001; -0.0006), p<0.0001], with high preserved original vegetation cover [ARC 0.0065 (IC95%: 0.0071; 0.0060), p<0.0001], with heaviest rainfall [ARC 0.0001 (IC95%: 0.00009; 0.0001), p<0.0001] and higher air relative humidity [ARC 0.0082 (IC95%: 0.0108; 0.0056), p<0.0001]. This association is interpreted as the result of the higher prey availability and further abundance of pit vipers in such landscapes.