Open AccessBone substitute made from a Brazilian oyster shell functions as a fast stimulator for bone-forming cells in an animal model
Author(s) -
Ricardo Coringa,
Eduardo Martins de Sousa,
Juliaunes Botelho,
Rafael Soares Diniz,
Joicy Cortez de Sá,
Maria Carmen Fôntoura Nogueira da Cruz,
Marco Aurelio Beninni Paschoal,
Letícia Machado Gonçalves
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0198697
Subject(s) - oyster , h&e stain , biocompatibility , bone tissue , histology , biomedical engineering , bone healing , bone formation , calcium , materials science , anatomy , pathology , chemistry , dentistry , staining , medicine , biology , fishery , metallurgy
Despite their demonstrated biocompatibility and osteogenic properties, oyster shells have been reported as a potential alternative to other commonly used materials for bone substitution. This study evaluated whether an experimental bone substitute (EBS) made from a typical oyster shell of Northeastern Brazil ( Crassostrea rhizophora ) has effects on bone development using an animal model. Oysters were collected from a biologically assisted vivarium, and their inner layer was used for preparing an EBS. Chemical and surface characterization of EBS was performed using Individually Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. Seventy-two rats were randomly assigned to groups according to the treatment of bone defects created in the submandibular area: Negative Control (-C), Positive Control (+C; Bio-Oss ® ) and EBS. Euthanasia occurred at 7, 21, 42 and 56 days postoperatively. The bone pieces were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The formation of bone tissue was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. Data were analyzed through the Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA considering a significant level of 5%. The main element found in EBS was calcium (71.68%), and it presented heterogeneity in the particle size and a porosity aspect at SEM analysis. Histological results revealed the absence of inflammatory cells in all groups, being that EBS presented the most accelerated process of bone formation with a statistically significant difference between this group and the +C and -C groups in the 21-day time-point ( p < 0.05). After 21 days, the bone formation process was similar between all groups ( p > 0.05), showing an immature lamellar bone pattern after 56 days of experimentation ( p > 0.05). Within the limitations of this study, it was possible to conclude that EBS presented good biocompatibility and promoted fast stimulation for bone-forming cells in an animal model.