Open AccessSimultaneous quantification of four antiretroviral drugs in breast milk samples from HIV-positive women by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method
Author(s) -
Alicia Ramírez-Ramírez,
Elías Sánchez-Serrano,
Giselle Loaiza-Flores,
Noemi PlazolaCamacho,
Rosa Georgina Rodríguez-Delgado,
Ricardo Figueroa-Damián,
Mauricio Domínguez-Castro,
Margarita López-Martı́nez,
Zayra Flores-García,
Jessica HernándezPineda
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0191236
Subject(s) - breast milk , ritonavir , lopinavir , zidovudine , medicine , lamivudine , population , pharmacokinetics , breastfeeding , liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry , electrospray ionization , tandem mass spectrometry , viral load , chromatography , triple quadrupole mass spectrometer , pharmacology , mass spectrometry , selected reaction monitoring , virology , chemistry , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , virus , antiretroviral therapy , viral disease , pediatrics , hepatitis b virus , biochemistry , environmental health
The primary strategy to avoid mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through breastfeeding is administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to HIV-positive pregnant women. Because significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs occur during pregnancy, quantifying HAART and the viral load in breast milk in this population is essential. Here, we developed an analytical assay for the simultaneous quantification of four ARV drugs in breast milk using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We validated this method following Mexican and international guidelines. ARV drugs. We extracted the ARV drugs from 200 μL samples of breast milk and detected these drugs in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization. The validated concentration ranges (ng/mL) for zidovudine, lamivudine, lopinavir, and ritonavir were 12.5–750, 50–2500, 100–5000 and 5 to 250, respectively. Additionally, the absolute recovery percentages (and matrix effects) were 91.4 (8.39), 88.78 (28.75), 91.38 (11.77) and 89.78 (12.37), respectively. We determined that ARV drugs are stable for 24 h at 8°C and 24°C for 15 days at –80°C. This methodology had the capacity for simultaneous detection; separation; and accurate, precise quantification of ARV drugs in human breast milk samples according to Mexican standard laws and United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines.