Open AccessPrevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and factors associated: An epidemiological analysis from the population-based Screening PRE-diabetes and type 2 DIAbetes (SPREDIA-2) study
Author(s) -
Víctor Cornejo Del Río,
José María Mostaza,
Carlos Lahoz,
Vanesa Sánchez-Arroyo,
Concesa Sabín,
Silvia López,
Pedro Patrón,
Pablo Fernández-García,
Belén Fernández-Puntero,
David Vicent,
Luis Montesano-Sanchez,
Francisca García-Iglesias,
Teresa González-Alegre,
Eva Estirado,
Fernando Ballester Laguna,
Carmen de BurgosLunar,
Paloma Gómez-Campelo,
Juan Carlos Abánades-Herranz,
José M. de MiguelYanes,
Miguel Á. Salinero-Fort
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0186220
Subject(s) - medicine , quartile , diabetes mellitus , population , odds ratio , epidemiology , type 2 diabetes , uric acid , blood pressure , gastroenterology , confidence interval , endocrinology , environmental health
Aim To describe the prevalence of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) in a random population sample and to evaluate its relationship with Mediterranean diet and with other potential cardiovascular risk factors such as serum uric acid and pulse pressure in individuals ranged 45 to 74 years. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 1568 subjects (mean age 6.5 years, 43% males), randomly selected from the population. A fasting blood sample was obtained to determine glucose, lipids, and HbA1C levels. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in non-diabetic subjects. PAD was evaluated by ankle–brachial index and/or having a prior diagnosis. Results PAD prevalence was 3.81% (95% CI, 2.97–4.87) for all participants. In men, PAD prevalence was significantly higher than in women [5.17% (95% CI, 3.74–7.11) vs. 2.78% (95% CI, 1.89–4.07); p = 0.014]. Serum uric acid in the upper quartile was associated with the highest odds ratio (OR) of PAD (for uric acid > 6.1 mg/dl, OR = 4.31; 95% CI, 1.49–12.44). The remaining variables more strongly associated with PAD were: Heart rate >90 bpm (OR = 4.16; 95%CI, 1.62–10.65), pulse pressure in the upper quartile (≥ 54 mmHg) (OR = 3.82; 95%CI, 1.50–9.71), adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.48–5.04), and former smoker status (OR = 2.04; 95%CI, 1.00–4.16). Conclusions Our results show the existence of a low prevalence of peripheral artery disease in a population aged 45–74 years. Serum uric acid, pulse pressure and heart rate >90 bpm were strongly associated with peripheral artery disease. The direct association between Mediterranean diet and peripheral artery disease that we have found should be evaluated through a follow-up study under clinical practice conditions.