Open AccessDietary patterns in internal migrants in a continental country: A population-based study
Author(s) -
Antônio Augusto Ferreira Carioca,
Bartira Mendes Gorgulho,
Juliana Araújo Teixeira,
Regina Mara Fisberg,
Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0185882
Subject(s) - population , geography , refined grains , demography , cross sectional study , per capita , nutrition transition , medicine , obesity , environmental health , food science , whole grains , biology , overweight , pathology , sociology
Objective The objective of this study was to assess the differences and similarities in dietary patterns among migrants and natives. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of São Paulo. The study population included internal migrants, defined as individuals born outside São Paulo city who had lived in the city for ten years or longer. The final population ( n = 999) was divided into three groups: natives of São Paulo ( n = 354), migrants from the Southeast ( n = 349) and migrants from the Northeast ( n = 296). Factor and principal component analysis was employed to derive dietary patterns. The standardized scores were compared among groups using linear regression. Results Differences in income per capita, years of education, self-reported race, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, nutritional status and prevalence of hypertension were found for place of birth. Three dietary patterns were identified: prudent (salad dressings, vegetables, natural flavorings, fruits, whole-grain bread, white cheeses and juices), traditional (rice, beans, bread/toast/crackers, butter/margarine, whole milk, coffee/teas, sugar), and modern (sodas, pastries/sandwiches/pizzas, yellow cheeses, pastas, sauces, alcoholic beverages, sweets, processed meats). Compared to natives, migrants from the Southeast had an inversely proportional adherence to the modern pattern whereas migrants from the Northeast had an inverse association with the prudent and modern patterns and a positive association with the traditional pattern. Conclusions São Paulo natives and internal migrants from other regions of Brazil exhibited different dietary patterns. The results presented here add perspectives to be considered in the study of non-communicable diseases and its different incidences among migrants and natives.