Open AccessBioactive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Periodontal Therapy
Author(s) -
Raquel Osorio,
Camilo Alfonso,
Antonio L. Medina-Castillo,
Miguel Alaminos,
Manuel Toledano
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0166217
Subject(s) - calcium , nanoparticle , amorphous calcium phosphate , zinc , chemistry , simulated body fluid , lactate dehydrogenase , nuclear chemistry , biophysics , materials science , biochemistry , nanotechnology , apatite , mineralogy , organic chemistry , enzyme , biology
Aims to design calcium and zinc-loaded bioactive and cytocompatible nanoparticles for the treatment of periodontal disease. Methods PolymP- n Active nanoparticles were zinc or calcium loaded. Biomimetic calcium phosphate precipitation on polymeric particles was assessed after 7 days immersion in simulated body fluid, by scanning electron microscopy attached to an energy dispersive analysis system. Amorphous mineral deposition was probed by X-ray diffraction. Cell viability analysis was performed using oral mucosa fibroblasts by: 1) quantifying the liberated deoxyribonucleic acid from dead cells, 2) detecting the amount of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme released by cells with damaged membranes, and 3) by examining the cytoplasmic esterase function and cell membranes integrity with a fluorescence-based method using the Live/Dead commercial kit. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results Precipitation of calcium and phosphate on the nanoparticles surfaces was observed in calcium-loaded nanoparticles. Non-loaded nanoparticles were found to be non-toxic in all the assays, calcium and zinc-loaded particles presented a dose dependent but very low cytotoxic effect. Conclusions The ability of calcium-loaded nanoparticles to promote precipitation of calcium phosphate deposits, together with their observed non-toxicity may offer new strategies for periodontal disease treatment.