Open AccessDNA Barcoding Reveals High Cryptic Diversity of the Freshwater Halfbeak Genus Hemirhamphodon from Sundaland
Author(s) -
Hong-Chiun Lim,
Zainal A. Muchlisin,
Chaidir P. Pulungan,
Mark de Bruyn,
Siti Azizah Mohd Nor
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0163596
Subject(s) - biology , dna barcoding , intraspecific competition , phylogeography , monophyly , genus , species complex , evolutionary biology , genetic divergence , taxon , range (aeronautics) , species diversity , allopatric speciation , ecology , clade , phylogenetic tree , zoology , genetic diversity , gene , population , genetics , demography , materials science , sociology , composite material
DNA barcoding of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was utilized to assess the species diversity of the freshwater halfbeak genus Hemirhamphodon . A total of 201 individuals from 46 locations in Peninsular Malaysia, north Borneo (Sarawak) and Sumatra were successfully amplified for 616 base pairs of the COI gene revealing 231 variable and 213 parsimony informative sites. COI gene trees showed that most recognized species form monophyletic clades with high bootstrap support. Pairwise within species comparisons exhibited a wide range of intraspecific diversity from 0.0% to 14.8%, suggesting presence of cryptic diversity. This finding was further supported by barcode gap analysis, ABGD and the constructed COI gene trees. In particular, H . pogonognathus from Kelantan (northeast Peninsular Malaysia) diverged from the other H . pogonognathus groups with distances ranging from 7.8 to 11.8%, exceeding the nearest neighbor taxon. High intraspecific diversity was also observed in H . byssus and H . kuekanthali , but of a lower magnitude. This study also provides insights into endemism and phylogeographic structuring, and limited support for the Paleo-drainage divergence hypothesis as a driver of speciation in the genus Hemirhamphodon .