Open AccessSalivary Periodontopathic Bacteria in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome
Author(s) -
Camila Faria Carrada,
Flávia Almeida Ribeiro Scalioni,
Dionéia Evangelista Cesar,
Karina Lopes Devito,
Luíz Cláudio Ribeiro,
Rosângela Almeida Ribeiro
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0162988
Subject(s) - prevotella intermedia , treponema denticola , fusobacterium nucleatum , saliva , medicine , porphyromonas gingivalis , prevotella , bacteroides , gastroenterology , biology , bacteria , periodontitis , genetics
Objective To assess and compare salivary periodontopathic bacteria between groups of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome children and adolescents. Materials and Methods This study included a sample of 30 Down syndrome children and adolescents (G-DS) and 30 age- and sex-matched non-Down syndrome subjects (G-ND). Clinical examination determined the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and plaque index. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from all participants. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique identified the presence and density of eight periodontopathic bacteria in saliva. The statistical analysis included chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results In the G-DS group, bleeding on probing was more frequent ( p = 0.037) and higher densities of Campylobacter rectus ( p = 0.013), Porphyromonas gingivalis ( p = 0.025), Treponema denticola ( p = 0.026), Fusobacterium nucleatum ( p = 0.013), Prevotella intermedia ( p = 0.001) and Prevotella nigrescens ( p = 0.008) were observed. Besides, in the G-DS, the densities of bacteria from the orange complex were significantly higher in the age group 3–7 years for F . nucleatum ( p = 0.029), P . intermedia ( p = 0.001) and P . nigrescens ( p = 0.006). C . rectus was higher in the age group 8–12 years ( p = 0.045). Conclusion The results showed that children and adolescents with Down syndrome have higher susceptibility to periodontal disease and number of periodontopathic bacteria.