Open AccessRickettsial Infections among Ctenocephalides felis and Host Animals during a Flea-Borne Rickettsioses Outbreak in Orange County, California
Author(s) -
Alice N. Maina,
Carrie Fogarty,
Laura Krueger,
Kevin R. Macaluso,
Antony Odhiambo,
Kiet Nguyen,
Christina M. Farris,
Alison Luce-Fedrow,
Stephen G. Bennett,
Ju Jiang,
Sokanary Sun,
Robert Cummings,
Allen L. Richards
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0160604
Subject(s) - felis , biology , flea , ctenocephalides , spotted fever , rickettsia typhi , outbreak , rickettsiosis , veterinary medicine , didelphis , murine typhus , virology , rocky mountain spotted fever , typhus , zoology , rickettsia , opossum , cats , ecology , virus , medicine
Due to a resurgence of flea-borne rickettsioses in Orange County, California, we investigated the etiologies of rickettsial infections of Ctenocephalides felis , the predominant fleas species obtained from opossums ( Didelphis virginiana ) and domestic cats ( Felis catus ), collected from case exposure sites and other areas in Orange County. In addition, we assessed the prevalence of IgG antibodies against spotted fever group (SFGR) and typhus group (TGR) rickettsiae in opossum sera. Of the 597 flea specimens collected from opossums and cats, 37.2% tested positive for Rickettsia . PCR and sequencing of rickettsial genes obtained from C . felis flea DNA preparations revealed the presence of R . typhi (1.3%), R . felis (28.0%) and R . felis -like organisms (7.5%). Sera from opossums contained TGR-specific (40.84%), but not SFGR-specific antibodies. The detection of R . felis and R . typhi in the C . felis fleas in Orange County highlights the potential risk for human infection with either of these pathogens, and underscores the need for further investigations incorporating specimens from humans, animal hosts, and invertebrate vectors in endemic areas. Such studies will be essential for establishing a link in the ongoing flea-borne rickettsioses outbreaks.