Open AccessInfluence of Different Nanomaterials on Growth and Mycotoxin Production of Penicillium verrucosum
Author(s) -
Kathrin Kotzybik,
Volker Gräf,
Lena Kugler,
Dominic Stoll,
Ralf Greiner,
Rolf Geisen,
Markus SchmidtHeydt
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0150855
Subject(s) - mycotoxin , nanomaterials , mycelium , silver nanoparticle , agglomerate , nanotechnology , chemistry , nanoparticle , organelle , penicillium , biophysics , chemical engineering , food science , materials science , biology , botany , biochemistry , engineering
Nanoparticles are ubiquitous in the environment. They originate from anthropogenic or natural sources or they are intentionally produced for different purposes. There exist manifold applications of nanoparticles in modern life leading unavoidably to a confrontation and interaction between nanomaterial and living organisms. Based on their wide distribution tending to increase steadily, the influence of particles based on silica and silver, exhibiting nominal sizes between 0.65 nm and 200 nm, on the physiology of the mycotoxigenic filamentous fungus Penicillium verrucosum was analyzed. The applied concentration and time-point, the size and the chemical composition of the particles was shown to have a strong influence on growth and mycotoxin biosynthesis. On microscopic scale it could be shown that silver nanoparticles attach to the mycelial surface. Moreover, silver nanoparticles with 0.65 nm and 5 nm in size were shown to internalize within the cell, form agglomerates in the cytoplasm and associate to cell organelles.