Open AccessEvidence for SH2 Domain-Containing 5′-Inositol Phosphatase-2 (SHIP2) Contributing to a Lymphatic Dysfunction
Author(s) -
Germaine D. Agollah,
Manuel L. Gonzalez-Garay,
John C. Rasmussen,
I-Chih Tan,
Melissa B. Aldrich,
Chinmay Darne,
Caroline E. Fife,
Renie Guilliod,
Erik A. Maus,
Philip D. King,
Eva M. SevickMuraca
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0112548
Subject(s) - lymphatic system , lymphatic endothelium , lymphedema , lymphatic vessel , biology , phenotype , lymphangiogenesis , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , pathology , cancer research , medicine , immunology , cancer , genetics , breast cancer , signal transduction , metastasis , gene
The lymphatic vasculature plays a critical role in a number of disease conditions of increasing prevalence, such as autoimmune disorders, obesity, blood vascular diseases, and cancer metastases. Yet, unlike the blood vasculature, the tools available to interrogate the molecular basis of lymphatic dysfunction/disease have been lacking. More recently, investigators have reported that dysregulation of the PI3K pathway is involved in syndromic human diseases that involve abnormal lymphatic vasculatures, but there have been few compelling results that show the direct association of this molecular pathway with lymphatic dysfunction in humans. Using near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging (NIRFLI) to phenotype and next generation sequencing (NGS) for unbiased genetic discovery in a family with non-syndromic lymphatic disease, we discovered a rare, novel mutation in INPPL1 that encodes the protein SHIP2, which is a negative regulator of the PI3K pathway, to be associated with lymphatic dysfunction in the family. In vitro interrogation shows that SHIP2 is directly associated with impairment of normal lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) behavior and that SHIP2 associates with receptors that are associated in lymphedema, implicating its direct involvement in the lymphatic vasculature.