Open AccessMERTK Interactions with SH2-Domain Proteins in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Author(s) -
Shameka J. Shelby,
Karen Colwill,
Sirano DhePaga,
Tony Pawson,
Debra A. Thompson
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
plos one
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.99
H-Index - 332
ISSN - 1932-6203
DOI - 10.1371/journal.pone.0053964
Subject(s) - mertk , grb2 , sh2 domain , microbiology and biotechnology , proto oncogene tyrosine protein kinase src , autophosphorylation , biology , retinal pigment epithelium , sh3 domain , tyrosine phosphorylation , receptor tyrosine kinase , fusion protein , phosphotyrosine binding domain , signal transduction , phosphorylation , biochemistry , chemistry , protein kinase a , retinal , recombinant dna , gene
The receptor tyrosine kinase MERTK plays an essential role in the phagocytic uptake of shed photoreceptor membranes by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). A fundamental aspect of signal transduction by receptor tyrosine kinases involves autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues that recruit Src-homology 2 (SH2)-domain proteins to the receptor intracellular domain. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the interactions of human MERTK with SH2-domain proteins present in the RPE. The MERTK intracellular domain was expressed as a 6xHis-fusion protein (6xHis-rMERTK 571–999 ), purified and phosphorylated. Ni 2+ -NTA pull downs were performed using 6xHis-rMERTK 571–999 in incubations with recombinant phosphotyrosine-recognition sequences expressed as GST-fusion proteins. In addition, pull downs of native SH2-domain proteins were performed using 6xHis-rMERTK 571–999 and protein homogenates from rat RPE/choroid. For both recombinant and native proteins, western analysis detected MERTK interactions with GRB2, PIK3R1 (P85α), VAV3, and SRC. Immunohistochemical analysis localized each protein to mouse RPE. In cultured RPE-J cells incubated with rod outer segments (OS), siRNA knockdown of Grb2 had no effect on OS binding, but significantly reduced OS uptake. Pik3r1 localized to early phagosomes along with Rab5 and Eea1. Phosphorylation and activation of Src was detected downstream of phagocytosis and Mertk activation. These findings suggest that MERTK signaling in the RPE involves a cohort of SH2-domain proteins with the potential to regulate both cytoskeletal rearrangement and membrane movement. Identification of the SH2-domain signaling partners of MERTK is an important step toward further defining the mechanism of RPE phagocytosis that is central to the function and survival of the retina.